Organic (Fossilized Tree Resin)
Amber
Amber is a fossilized tree resin prized for its warm hues and ancient inclusions. It is one of the oldest organic gemstones.
Hardness 2–2.5Baltic region
Rocks & Minerals
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Silicate
Amethyst
Amethyst is a purple variety of quartz prized for its beauty and spiritual associations. It is widely used in jewelry and meditation.
Hardness 7Brazil
Beryl
Aquamarine
Aquamarine is a blue to blue-green gemstone from the beryl family, prized for its clarity and serene color.
Hardness 7.5–8Brazil
Silicate
Black Tourmaline
Black Tourmaline is a silicate mineral prized for its deep black color and protective qualities.
Hardness 7–7.5Brazil
sedimentary
Bloodstone
Bloodstone is a dark green chalcedony with distinctive red spots, historically prized for its striking appearance and mystical associations.
Hardness 6.5–7India
Corundum
Blue Sapphire
Blue Sapphire is a precious blue gemstone prized for its vivid color and clarity. It is highly valued in both jewelry and Vedic astrology.
Hardness 9Sri Lanka
Tourmaline
Blue Tourmaline
Blue tourmaline, or indicolite, is the rare blue variety of tourmaline, from teal to deep ink blue. In Vedic tradition it is an uparatna for blue sapphire, linked with Saturn (Shani).
Hardness 7–7.5Brazil
Chalcedony (Quartz)
Carnelian
Carnelian is a translucent to opaque orange-red chalcedony, prized for its vibrant color and ancient history.
Hardness 6.5–7India
Chrysoberyl
Cat's Eye Chrysoberyl
Cat's eye chrysoberyl is honey-yellow to greenish chrysoberyl cut as a dome so a single bright line of light glides across it as the stone moves — an effect called chatoyancy. In Vedic tradition it is Lehsunia, the Navratna gem of Ketu.
Hardness 8.5Sri Lanka
Quartz
Citrine
Citrine is a vibrant yellow to golden variety of quartz prized for its sunny hue and clarity. It's a popular semi-precious gemstone in jewelry.
Hardness 7Brazil
Garnet (Andradite)
Demantoid Garnet
Demantoid garnet is a rare, brilliant green gemstone from the garnet family, prized for its exceptional fire and vivid color.
Hardness 6.5–7Russia
Carbon (native element)
Diamond
Diamond is a precious, transparent gemstone renowned for its brilliance and hardness. It is highly valued in jewelry and Vedic astrology.
Hardness 10India
Beryl
Emerald
Emerald is a vibrant green precious gemstone, valued for its rich color and clarity. Known as Panna in Hindi, it is a variety of beryl.
Hardness 7.5–8Colombia
Garnet (Almandine–Pyrope)
Garnet
Red garnet — almandine, pyrope and the blends between them — is the deep wine-red gem known in India as tamda. In Vedic tradition it is an uparatna for ruby, linked with the Sun.
Hardness 7–7.5India
Silicate
Golden Topaz
Golden topaz is the warm yellow-to-sherry variety of topaz, a hard aluminium fluorosilicate; the finest orange-pink shades are called imperial topaz. In Vedic tradition it is an uparatna for yellow sapphire, linked with Jupiter.
Hardness 8Brazil
Beryl
Goshenite
Goshenite is the pure, colorless variety of beryl, valued for its clarity and brilliance. It is sometimes used as a diamond substitute.
Hardness 7.5–8USA
Tourmaline
Green Tourmaline
Green tourmaline, or verdelite, is the green variety of tourmaline, a hard borosilicate that grows in long, striated crystals. In Vedic tradition it is an uparatna for emerald, linked with Mercury (Budh).
Hardness 7–7.5Brazil
Beryl
Heliodor
Heliodor is a yellow to golden variety of beryl, prized for its vibrant color and clarity. It is also known as Golden Beryl.
Hardness 7.5–8Brazil
Garnet (Grossular)
Hessonite
Hessonite is the honey-to-cinnamon orange variety of grossular garnet. In Vedic tradition it is Gomed, the Navratna gem of Rahu. A swirly, syrup-like 'treacle' look inside the stone is its signature and helps tell it apart from look-alikes such as citrine and orange glass.
Hardness 6.5–7.5Sri Lanka
Metamorphic
Lapis Lazuli
Lapis Lazuli is a striking deep blue metamorphic gemstone prized for its intense color and historical significance. It has been valued for millennia in jewelry, art, and spiritual practices.
Hardness 5–5.5Afghanistan
Feldspar
Moonstone
Moonstone is a feldspar with adularescence — a soft, bluish-white glow that seems to float under the surface as the stone moves. In Vedic tradition it is Chandrakant Mani, an uparatna for pearl and a stone of the Moon.
Hardness 6–6.5Sri Lanka
Beryl
Morganite
Morganite is a pink to peach variety of beryl prized for its delicate pastel hues and brilliance.
Hardness 7.5–8Brazil
Opal
Opal
Opal is hydrated silica, and precious opal flashes with play-of-colour — patches of spectral colour that shift as the stone moves. In Vedic tradition it is an uparatna for diamond, linked with Venus (Shukra).
Hardness 5.5–6.5Australia
Organic (Biogenic)
Pearl
Pearl is a lustrous organic gemstone formed inside molluscs, valued for its beauty and spiritual significance.
Hardness 2.5–4.5Persian Gulf
Olivine
Peridot
Peridot is a vibrant green gemstone, prized for its fresh color and clarity. It is the birthstone for August and has ancient roots in jewelry.
Hardness 6.5–7Pakistan
Beryl
Red Beryl
Red Beryl is a rare, vibrant red gemstone from the beryl family, also known as Bixbite. It is prized for its striking raspberry-red color.
Hardness 7.5–8Utah (USA)
Organic (Biogenic)
Red Coral
Red Coral is a vivid red marine coral used as a gemstone and ornamental material. It’s valued for its warm color and organic, branching structure.
Hardness 3–4Italy (Sciacca, Sardinia)
Spinel
Red Spinel
Red spinel is a hard, brilliant magnesium-aluminium oxide gem that was mistaken for ruby for centuries. In Vedic tradition it is among the uparatnas for ruby, linked with the Sun.
Hardness 7.5–8Myanmar (Mogok)
Silicate
Rose Quartz
Rose Quartz is a pink variety of quartz, cherished for its gentle color and associations with love and emotional healing.
Hardness 7Brazil
Corundum
Ruby
Ruby is a precious red gemstone, prized for its vibrant color and brilliance. It is the red variety of the mineral corundum.
Hardness 9Myanmar
Garnet (Spessartine)
Spessartine Garnet
Spessartine Garnet is a vibrant orange to reddish-orange gemstone from the garnet family, prized for its brilliance and rarity.
Hardness 6.5–7.5Namibia
Feldspar
Sunstone
Sunstone is a vibrant, sparkling feldspar gemstone known for its warm orange to reddish hues and aventurescent shimmer.
Hardness 6–6.5India
Silicate
Topaz
Topaz is a transparent silicate mineral prized for its vivid yellow, golden, and champagne hues. It is a popular gemstone in jewelry.
Hardness 8Brazil
Tourmaline
Tourmaline
Tourmaline is a vibrant gemstone group known for its wide color range and striking multicolor crystals.
Hardness 7–7.5Brazil
Hydrated Phosphate
Turquoise
Turquoise is a blue-to-green hydrated phosphate mineral prized for its vibrant color and historical significance. It has been used in jewelry and amulets for millennia.
Hardness 5–6Iran
Corundum
White Sapphire
White Sapphire is a colorless variety of corundum prized for its brilliance and durability. It is often used as a diamond alternative.
Hardness 9Sri Lanka
Corundum
Yellow Sapphire
Yellow Sapphire is a precious gemstone prized for its vibrant yellow hues and astrological significance, especially in Vedic traditions.
Hardness 9Sri Lanka